![]() To learn more about telecentric lenses, view The Advantages of Telecentricity. As optical technology advances, additional single-lens geometries such as focus-tunable lenses and assemblies such as telecentric lenses are becoming valuable tools for optical design. Table 2 shows 10 of the most commonly used optical lenses and their typical applications. Using the common terminologies from Table 1, it is easy to understand technical figures for each type of single lens element. cylinder lens) or the distance from apex to workpiece of an axicon. Length – The physical distance from end to end of a cylindrical element (e.g. $ \small $, etc.Ĭenter Thickness – The distance from a primary principal plane location to the end of an element.Įdge Thickness – A calculated value that depends on radii, diameter, and center thickness of a lens.Įntrance Beam Diameter – Diameter of collimated light entering an axicon.Įxit Beam Diameter – Diameter of ring of light exiting an axicon. EFL is specified from a principal plane location. ![]() Principle Plane – A hypothetical plane where incident light rays can be considered to bend due to refraction. Systems theory argues that a person and their environment should be in a state of equilibrium and aims at keeping this balance (Payne 2014). The main focus of systems theory is on the relationship between a person and their environment (Payne 2014). Katz and Kahn (1966) Bertalanffy (1951), pp. Lenses of Theory Analysis: Systems Theory. was first applied by Katz and Kahn, who adapted General Systems Theory to organizational behavior. It is unique in the field of neurofeedback in that instead of only displaying information on a computer screen to assist the patient in condi- tioninghealthierbrainwavepatterns,theLENS uses weak electromagnetic signals as a carrier wave for the feedback to assist in reorganizing brain physiology. This approach is responsive to changes in the environment. The Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS)isanEEGbiofeedbacksystemusedin clinical applications and research in the treat- ment of central nervous system functioning. Radius of Curvature – The directed distance from the vertex of a surface to the center of curvature.Įffective Focal Length – An optical measurement given as the distance from a principal plane of an optical lens to its imaging plane.īack Focal Length – A mechanical measurement given as the distance between the last surface of an optical lens to its image plane. Organizational behavior in which an organization exchanges information, energy, or resources with its environment. For more detailed definitions and a list of additional terms, please view our Glossary. To understand the terminology used in optical lens specifications, consider 10 common terms (Table 1). the surface profile) that determines how light behaves as it propagates through the optical element. Consequently, it is the optical lens geometry (i.e. Figure 2: Snell's Law of Refraction OPTICAL LENS TERMINOLOGYĪll optical lenses obey Snell's Law of Refraction.
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